The immune system provides a particular organism with natural protection against diseases caused by pathogens such as bacteria and viruses, the growth of tumor or […]
Author Archives: Ethan Hoffmann
Why Celebrate Pi Day: History and Purpose
American physicist Larry Shaw founded the National Pi Day in 1988 to honor the mathematical constant “pi,” which is approximately equal to 3.14159. He chose […]
Homosexuality and the Brain: Structural and Functional Difference
Men and women who have identified themselves as homosexuals are somewhat biologically different from those who have identified themselves as heterosexuals as evident from the […]
Explainer: The Science of Sugar Addiction?
There are some reservations surrounding sugar addiction. Some wonder if habitual overconsumption of sugar-rich food is an actual behavioral addiction similar to compulsive gambling or […]
What is Multicellularity: Definition and Discussions
Single-celled organisms dominated life on Earth for billions of years. The evolution to multicellular life however changed the entire landscape because it resulted in the emergence […]
Five Types of Physical Fitness Training
There are different categories or types of physical fitness training. Each corresponds to a defined purpose or fitness goal such as the development and improvement […]
Host-Parasite Coevolution Theory of Sexual Reproduction
The host-parasite coevolution theory suggests that sex and sexual reproduction have evolved in part as a defense against parasites. It also suggests that the continued […]
Senescence 101: The Major Theories of Aging
What causes aging? Why do most species such as most animals and fungi age? Over the years, scientists have come up with different theories to […]
The Evolutionary Theories of Aging
There is a body of theories that collectively provide an explanation behind the causes and mechanisms of aging from an evolutionary perspective. These are called […]
Dexamethasone Explained: Pharmacology and Applications
The World Health Organization welcomed on 16 June 2020 the preliminary results of a clinical trial from the United Kingdom showcasing the usefulness of dexamethasone […]